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預付費電度表系的工作原理

發(fa)表(biao)時間:2019-06-12 14:15:25 | 點擊:3729次(ci)

隨著社會經(jing)(jing)濟和技術(shu)的(de)(de)(de)飛速(su)發(fa)展,IC卡及應(ying)用(yong)(yong)必將取代磁卡、條形碼(ma)卡等占領(ling)(ling)所有(you)(you)該領(ling)(ling)域的(de)(de)(de)主要市(shi)場(chang),相應(ying)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)產(chan)品(pin)也越來越廣泛的(de)(de)(de)應(ying)用(yong)(yong)到(dao)各(ge)個領(ling)(ling)域。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)需求量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)日益(yi)增大(da),電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力部門(men)(men)一(yi)直在探尋一(yi)種(zhong)方(fang)便,實(shi)用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)收(shou)費(fei)(fei)(fei)方(fang)法(fa)。實(shi)現先購電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)再用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)是(shi)解決此問題的(de)(de)(de)有(you)(you)效(xiao)途徑之一(yi),它既利于(yu)供(gong)部門(men)(men)的(de)(de)(de)管理(li),又便于(yu)用(yong)(yong)戶交費(fei)(fei)(fei)用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian),預(yu)付費(fei)(fei)(fei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)表(biao)(biao)就是(shi)為(wei)此目的(de)(de)(de)而開(kai)發(fa)的(de)(de)(de)。從而實(shi)現電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)費(fei)(fei)(fei)收(shou)繳管理(li)微機化,它為(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)使用(yong)(yong)監督(du)管理(li)提供(gong)了有(you)(you)利手段,同時也大(da)大(da)降低了電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)業部門(men)(men)營運成本。新型電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子器(qi)件(jian)的(de)(de)(de)不(bu)斷推出,也將使得預(yu)付費(fei)(fei)(fei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)表(biao)(biao)系統的(de)(de)(de)本身性能(neng)(neng)價格(ge)比不(bu)斷提高,因該類(lei)產(chan)品(pin)應(ying)用(yong)(yong)面非常廣,使產(chan)品(pin)定會產(chan)生較大(da)的(de)(de)(de)社會效(xiao)益(yi)和經(jing)(jing)濟效(xiao)益(yi)。

(一)預(yu)付(fu)費(fei)電度表的 系統原理與(yu)功(gong)能

1預付費電度表是以標準的感應式電度表為基表改裝而成,IC卡充當信息傳遞的媒介,經過單片機的處理和控制,用戶從電力管理部門購買的電量通過 IC卡傳遞給電度表。單片機將新的購電量和原表內剩余電量

相加(jia)得到新的(de)剩余電(dian)量,存于可(ke)斷電(dian)保存的(de) 存儲芯片中,借用原有電度表電能轉換機械能的部份機構,在原有電度表轉盤上涂黑一小塊,并加裝一對紅外發射接收管,對基表轉盤轉數進行計數,根據電表常數/即轉 0 度1得到使用的電(dian)度數,每用一(yi)度電(dian),單片機內剩余電(dian)量減一(yi)度,當單片機內剩余電(dian)量減到 " 時(shi),通過表內繼電(dian)器切斷用戶供電(dian),用戶需(xu)通過 IC 卡再次購電(dian),方可得到供(gong)電(dian)。達(da)到先購電(dian)后(hou)用電(dian),方便(bian)物業(ye)收費管理的(de)目的(de)。

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預付費電度表使用:通過 IC 卡實現先買(mai)電,后用電。

 預付費(fei)電度(du)表(biao)計量:配合原(yuan)(yuan)感應電度(du)基(ji)表(biao),采用非接觸式光電取樣(yang),不改變原(yuan)(yuan)表(biao)計量精度(du)。

預付費電度表保(bao)密功能:保(bao)證一(yi)戶一(yi)卡(ka),若(ruo)使用(yong)非指定(ding)介質、壞卡(ka)或不同密碼的 IC 卡時,具有錯誤提示功能(neng), ,該卡是具有寫保護和(he)可編程(cheng)密碼(ma)功能的 IC卡,加上軟件算法(fa)和5動態加密(mi)5,可嚴格有效(xiao)地防(fang)止依靠偽造和復制購(gou)電卡的行為,這在(zai)一定程度上便于(yu)物業管理(li)部(bu)門的監(jian)督(du)。

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預付費電度表 數字顯示功能:采 輪流顯示剩余(yu)電(dian)量,報警電(dian)量,超負荷次數。

預付費電(dian)(dian)(dian)度(du)表(biao)限(xian)量(liang)(liang)供給(gei)功能(neng):當(dang)剩余(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)小于設定的告警電(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)時(shi),紅(hong)色指示燈提出警示,以提醒(xing)用(yong)戶及時(shi)購電(dian)(dian)(dian)。當(dang)表(biao)中剩余(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)為零時(shi),自(zi)動(dong)切斷供電(dian)(dian)(dian)。

預付費電度表過(guo)載保護功能:當(dang)用(yong)戶超負(fu)荷用(yong)電超過(guo) ’60" 秒(miao)時,系統(tong)自(zi)動(dong)斷電。減輕負(fu)荷時,系統(tong)自(zi)動(dong)供電,且能(neng)記錄超(chao)負(fu)荷次數。

預付費(fei)電度(du)表 斷電數據保(bao)護功能:電網停電時表中數據可靠自行(xing)保(bao)存(cun),各種數據保(bao)存(cun)十年以(yi)上(shang)。

預付費電度表(biao)自動復位功能:系統(tong)受(shou)干擾,程序跑飛(fei),通過看門狗電路可使(shi)系統(tong)自動復位。

預付費電度表 低(di)功(gong)耗(hao)功(gong)能:現有的(de)感應式(shi)電(dian)度表,國家標(biao)準規定的(de)功(gong)耗(hao)不超過(guo) 3W,對于 IC卡(ka)預(yu)付費電(dian)度表電(dian)路,均采用低功耗(hao)器(qi)件設計(ji)。

預付費電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)度表用(yong)戶(hu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)保(bao)(bao)護功能:電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網停電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)后恢復供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、延時數分鐘接(jie)通(tong)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)回路,對家用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)如電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)冰箱、彩電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)等(deng)起到保(bao)(bao)護作用(yong)。

預付費電度表 多卡合一功(gong)能:允(yun)許同一 !" 卡(ka)(ka)可作為設置(zhi)卡(ka)(ka)、復位卡(ka)(ka)及(ji)用(yong)戶卡(ka)(ka),即三(san)卡(ka)(ka)合一(yi)或二卡(ka)(ka)合一(yi)或單專(zhuan)用(yong)卡(ka)(ka)。

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系(xi)(xi)統硬件電路的設(she)計思想(xiang)是:在保證(zheng)系(xi)(xi)統功(gong)能及運行(xing)可(ke)靠(kao)性(xing)的前(qian)提下,盡(jin)可(ke)能降(jiang)低成本。故本系(xi)(xi)統以單(dan)片機構成控制和處理(li)信息(xi)的核心部分。盡(jin)管(guan)選用(yong) 90年代流行的 8031單(dan)(dan)片機(ji)(ji)(ji)可以實現本(ben)系(xi)統,并(bing)且有成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)熟(shu)的(de)通用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)接口,但構成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)最小系(xi)統外圍器件(jian)較(jiao)(jiao)多,系(xi)統成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)、功耗(hao)較(jiao)(jiao)高(gao)(gao)(gao),性能價格比較(jiao)(jiao)低。選(xuan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)目前流行的(de)GMS97C51系(xi)列(lie)(lie)單(dan)(dan)片機(ji)(ji)(ji)又有些大(da)材(cai)小用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong),會(hui)造成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)、功耗(hao)偏(pian)高(gao)(gao)(gao)。因此(ci),采用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong) 2051系(xi)列(lie)(lie)單(dan)(dan)片機(ji)(ji)(ji)應該(gai)是(shi)較(jiao)(jiao)佳選(xuan)擇。其本(ben)身就是(shi)一個單(dan)(dan)片機(ji)(ji)(ji)最小系(xi)統。片內含(han)有 2K 字(zi)(zi)節(jie) 和(he)EEPROM 存貯器和(he) 128字(zi)(zi)節(jie)的(de) RAM,是(shi)具有 20引(yin)腳、低電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓、高(gao)(gao)(gao)性能的(de) CMOS8 位單(dan)(dan)片機(ji)(ji)(ji),指令(ling)系(xi)統與(yu) MCS51單(dan)(dan)片機(ji)(ji)(ji)兼容(rong),程序可三級(ji)加密,安(an)全性高(gao)(gao)(gao),考(kao)慮到盡量減少對(dui)單(dan)(dan)片機(ji)(ji)(ji) 2051引(yin)腳的(de)占用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong),對(dui)顯示電(dian)(dian)(dian)路、斷電(dian)(dian)(dian)數(shu)據(ju)保(bao)持(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路以及 !"IC卡接口,均采用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)串行數(shu)據(ju)傳送,從而(er)大(da)大(da)降低硬件(jian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路的(de)制作(zuo)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本(ben).

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 顯示電(dian)路和斷(duan)電(dian)數據保持(chi)

顯示電(dian)路(lu)包含(han)鎖存器、譯碼器和驅動器,接口信號較(jiao)(jiao)多(duo),需占(zhan)用(yong)大量單(dan)(dan)片機的硬件資(zi)源,而且輔助電(dian)路(lu)也比較(jiao)(jiao)復雜,功能單(dan)(dan)一,不適(shi)合本系統,本系統選用(yong)了 MOTOROLA 的新型顯示器。該芯(xin)片是一種高集

成的 LED 顯示驅動器(qi)件,它采用了動態掃描方(fang)式,直接驅動位(wei) /7 LED帶小數點位’或(huo)帶符號(hao)的 4 1/2( 位十進制數(shu) 0-9),16 進制(zhi) ,A-F 以及由 LDE組合(he)而(er)成的其它字符(fu)或(huo)符(fu)號。該(gai)器件的輔助電(dian)路簡單,只(zhi)需外(wai)接一(yi)個電(dian)阻 R,即可(ke)達到(dao)驅動 LED 顯示的(de)目的(de)。數據傳送采用同步串(chuan)行(xing)方式,只占用單片機 3個引腳。同樣(yang)用這 3個引(yin)腳(jiao)再連(lian)接 24LCO2串行 EEPROM完成斷(duan)電(dian)(dian)數據(ju)保持工作。即自(zi)動斷(duan)電(dian)(dian)保存所有可(ke)以修改的數據(ju),如剩余電(dian)(dian)量、密(mi)碼、卡(ka)號等。顯示電(dian)(dian)路和斷(duan)電(dian)(dian)數據(ju)保持的數據(ju)傳送.